Covid-19 and the Brain

As the Covid-19 pandemic continues, scientists are learning more about the impact that this virus can have on a person’s brain, behaviour, psychiatric wellbeing and cognition. Research has found that as many as 80% of patients hospitalised for Covid-19, may have lasting neurological difficulties; and MRI scan studies have found that many of those who develop neurological features experience changes in the gray matter of the brain. Worryingly, researchers have also found that people who have experienced milder forms of infection may develop cognitive complaints, including brain fog, memory difficulties and concentration problems. 

So, how does Covid-19 damage the brain? Researchers believe that this happens in different ways. In some people, the virus may directly attack specific brain cells, called astrocytes. In others, brain damage might be caused by reduced blood flow carrying oxygen to the brain, resulting from stroke and clotting. For some, the virus may trigger immune molecules and inflammation that can cause problems for cognition.

What about the so-called “long Covid”? This is a term used to refer to those who experience ongoing symptoms for more than 4 weeks post infection. Researchers estimate that between 10% and 25% of those who contract the virus may go on to develop long Covid. Symptoms include chronic fatigue, poor concentration, memory problems and language difficulties. The symptoms of long covid can be subtle; yet debilitating. Neuropsychological testing can help a person understand how they have been affected by the virus so that plans can be made to support them accordingly.